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Otto de Bonvillano ((イタリア語:Ottone di Bonvillano)) was a citizen of the Republic of Genoa and a count in the Kingdom of Castile–León. The principal source for his life and activities is Cafarus’ ''Ystoria captionis Almarie et Turtuose''.〔John Bryan Williams, "The Making of a Crusade: The Genoese Anti-Muslim Attacks in Spain, 1146–1148" ''Journal of Medieval History'' 23 1 (1997): 47–53, provides a new translation of this text.〕 Otto took part in the ''reconquista'' (Christian reconquest) of the Muslim port city of Almería by a league of Genoa and Castile–León with their respective allies in 1147. When the Siege of Almería began in August 1147, the Castilian king, Alfonso VII the Emperor, was away campaigning against the Muslims in the region of Jaén.〔Williams (1997): 34–35.〕 The Genoese delegated Otto to go to his camp and remind him of his duty to his allies:
The city fell, after the king's arrival, on 17 October and Alfonso invested the Genoese a third of the city as per their prior agreement. On 11 November the republic leased out its third for a period of thirty years to Otto, who had played such a prominent rôle in the negotiations and the conquest, who in turn swore fealty to Genoa and agreed to pay the city a small sum annually.〔Williams (1997): 38.〕 He also swore to keep an army of three hundred in the city at all times and not to charge any tolls on traders from Liguria.〔Steven A. Epstein, ''Genoa and the Genoese, 958–1528'' (UNC Press, 2001): 51.〕 Otto is the first example of a private citizen of Genoa holding the republic's territory for it as a vassal. This was the initial, indirect way in which Genoa managed its overseas dependencies.〔 After the Genoese fleet sailed, taking with it the plunder to pay off the republic's war debt, Otto was left to guard the city with a thousand men, "which he did", in the words of Cafarus. The discrepancy between contemporary documents in the number of troops left with Otto, and reference to the agreement between Alfonso and Genoa of 1146, suggests that the Almería may have been ruled as a condominium in accordance with the original agreement.〔Bernard F. Reilly, ''The Kingdom of León–Castilla under King Alfonso VII, 1126–1157'' (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998): 100.〕 In the grant to Otto, the consuls of Genoa stressed their government of the city as being both honoring to God, Christendom and Genoa:
Otto remained in Spain for several more years as governor of the Genoese quarter of Almería, and acquired territory in the region. The castle of ''Albuher'' (Villamanrique de Tajo), acquired by Ponce Giraldo de Cabrera from the king on 18 November 1153, was granted by him to Otto some years later.〔Simon Barton, ''The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997): 172.〕 In the charter of this transaction Otto is called a count. ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Otto de Bonvillano」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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